aanl.lib

A library for antialiased nonlinearities. Its official prefix is aa.

This library provides aliasing-suppressed nonlinearities through first-order and second-order approximations of continuous-time signals, functions, and convolution based on antiderivatives. This technique is particularly effective if combined with low-factor oversampling, for example, operating at 96 kHz or 192 kHz sample-rate.

The library contains trigonometric functions as well as other nonlinear functions such as bounded and unbounded saturators.

Due to their limited domains or ranges, some of these functions may not suitable for audio nonlinear processing or waveshaping, although they have been included for completeness. Some other functions, for example, tan() and tanh(), are only available with first-order antialiasing due to the complexity of the antiderivative of the x * f(x) term, particularly because of the necessity of the dilogarithm function, which requires special implementation.

Future improvements to this library may include an adaptive mechanism to set the ill-conditioned cases threshold to improve performance in varying cases.

Note that the antialiasing functions introduce a delay in the path, respectively half and one-sample delay for first and second-order functions.

Also note that due to division by differences, it is vital to use double-precision or more to reduce errors.

The environment identifier for this library is aa. After importing the standard libraries in Faust, the functions below can be called as aa.function_name.

References

Auxiliary Functions

(aa.)clip

Clipping function.

(aa.)Rsqrt

Real-valued sqrt().

(aa.)Rlog

Real-valued log().

(aa.)Rtan

Real-valued tan().

(aa.)Racos

Real-valued acos().

(aa.)Rasin

Real-valued asin().

(aa.)Racosh

Real-valued acosh()

(aa.)Rcosh

Real-valued cosh().

(aa.)Rsinh

Real-valued sinh().

(aa.)Ratanh

Real-valued atanh().

(aa.)ADAA1

Generalised first-order Antiderivative Anti-Aliasing (ADAA) function.

Implements a first-order ADAA approximation to reduce aliasing in nonlinear audio processing.

Usage

_ : ADAA1(EPS, f, F1) : _

Where:

  • EPS: a threshold for switching between safe and ill-conditioned paths
  • f: a function that we want to process with ADAA
  • F1: f's first antiderivative

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
ba = library("basics.lib");
ma = library("maths.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
ADAA1_test = aa.ADAA1(0.001, f, F1, os.osc(110))
    with {
        f(x) = aa.clip(-1.0, 1.0, x);
        F1(x) = ba.if((x <= 1.0) & (x >= -1.0), 0.5 * x^2, x * ma.signum(x) - 0.5);
    };

(aa.)ADAA2

Generalised second-order Antiderivative Anti-Aliasing (ADAA) function.

Implements a second-order ADAA approximation for even better aliasing reduction at the cost of additional computation.

Usage

_ : ADAA2(EPS, f, F1, F2) : _

Where:

  • EPS: a threshold for switching between safe and ill-conditioned paths
  • f: a function that we want to process with ADAA
  • F1: f's first antiderivative
  • F2: f's second antiderivative

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
ba = library("basics.lib");
ma = library("maths.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
ADAA2_test = aa.ADAA2(0.001, f, F1, F2, os.osc(110))
    with {
        f(x) = aa.clip(-1.0, 1.0, x);
        F1(x) = ba.if((x <= 1.0) & (x >= -1.0), 0.5 * x^2, x * ma.signum(x) - 0.5);
        F2(x) = ba.if((x <= 1.0) & (x >= -1.0), (1.0 / 3.0) * x^3, ((0.5 * x^2) - 1.0 / 6.0) * ma.signum(x));
    };

Main functions

Saturators

These antialiased saturators perform best with high-amplitude input signals. If the input is only slightly saturated, hence producing negligible aliasing, the trivial saturator may result in a better overall output, as noise can be introduced by first and second ADAA at low amplitudes.

Once determining the lowest saturation level for which the antialiased functions perform adequately, it might be sensible to cross-fade between the trivial and the antialiased saturators according to the amplitude profile of the input signal.

(aa.)hardclip

First-order ADAA hard-clip.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.hardclip : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
hardclip_test = aa.hardclip(os.osc(110));

(aa.)hardclip2

Second-order ADAA hard-clip.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.hardclip2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
hardclip2_test = aa.hardclip2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)cubic1

First-order ADAA cubic saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-2.0/3.0; 2.0/3.0].

Usage

_ : aa.cubic1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
cubic1_test = aa.cubic1(os.osc(110));

(aa.)parabolic

First-order ADAA parabolic saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.parabolic : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
parabolic_test = aa.parabolic(os.osc(110));

(aa.)parabolic2

Second-order ADAA parabolic saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.parabolic2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
parabolic2_test = aa.parabolic2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)hyperbolic

First-order ADAA hyperbolic saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.hyperbolic : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
hyperbolic_test = aa.hyperbolic(os.osc(110));

(aa.)hyperbolic2

Second-order ADAA hyperbolic saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.hyperbolic2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
hyperbolic2_test = aa.hyperbolic2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)sinarctan

First-order ADAA sin(atan()) saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.sinarctan : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
sinarctan_test = aa.sinarctan(os.osc(110));

(aa.)sinarctan2

Second-order ADAA sin(atan()) saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.sinarctan2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
sinarctan2_test = aa.sinarctan2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)softclipQuadratic1

First-order ADAA quadratic softclip.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.softclipQuadratic1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
softclipQuadratic1_test = aa.softclipQuadratic1(os.osc(110));

(aa.)softclipQuadratic2

Second-order ADAA quadratic softclip.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.softclipQuadratic2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
softclipQuadratic2_test = aa.softclipQuadratic2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)tanh1

First-order ADAA tanh() saturator.

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.tanh1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
tanh1_test = aa.tanh1(os.osc(110));

(aa.)arctan

First-order ADAA atan().

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-π/2.0; π/2.0].

Usage

_ : aa.arctan : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
arctan_test = aa.arctan(os.osc(110));

(aa.)arctan2

Second-order ADAA atan().

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is ]-π/2.0; π/2.0[.

Usage

_ : aa.arctan2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
arctan2_test = aa.arctan2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)asinh1

First-order ADAA asinh() saturator (unbounded).

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.asinh1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
asinh1_test = aa.asinh1(os.osc(110));

(aa.)asinh2

Second-order ADAA asinh() saturator (unbounded).

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.asinh2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
asinh2_test = aa.asinh2(os.osc(110));

Trigonometry

These functions are reliable if input signals are within their domains.

(aa.)cosine1

First-order ADAA cos().

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.cosine1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
cosine1_test = aa.cosine1(os.osc(110));

(aa.)cosine2

Second-order ADAA cos().

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is [-1.0; 1.0].

Usage

_ : aa.cosine2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
cosine2_test = aa.cosine2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)arccos

First-order ADAA acos().

The domain of this function is [-1.0; 1.0]; its theoretical range is [π; 0.0].

Usage

_ : aa.arccos : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
arccos_test = aa.arccos(os.osc(110));

(aa.)arccos2

Second-order ADAA acos().

The domain of this function is [-1.0; 1.0]; its theoretical range is [π; 0.0].

Note that this function is not accurate for low-amplitude or low-frequency input signals. In that case, the first-order ADAA arccos() can be used.

Usage

_ : aa.arccos2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
arccos2_test = aa.arccos2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)acosh1

First-order ADAA acosh().

The domain of this function is ℝ >= 1.0; its theoretical range is ℝ >= 0.0.

Usage

_ : aa.acosh1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
acosh1_test = aa.acosh1(1.0 + abs(os.osc(110)));

(aa.)acosh2

Second-order ADAA acosh().

The domain of this function is ℝ >= 1.0; its theoretical range is ℝ >= 0.0.

Note that this function is not accurate for low-frequency input signals. In that case, the first-order ADAA acosh() can be used.

Usage

_ : aa.acosh2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
acosh2_test = aa.acosh2(1.0 + abs(os.osc(110)));

(aa.)sine

First-order ADAA sin().

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.sine : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
sine_test = aa.sine(os.osc(110));

(aa.)sine2

Second-order ADAA sin().

The domain of this function is ℝ; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.sine2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
sine2_test = aa.sine2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)arcsin

First-order ADAA asin().

The domain of this function is [-1.0, 1.0]; its theoretical range is [-π/2.0; π/2.0].

Usage

_ : aa.arcsin : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
arcsin_test = aa.arcsin(os.osc(110));

(aa.)arcsin2

Second-order ADAA asin().

The domain of this function is [-1.0, 1.0]; its theoretical range is [-π/2.0; π/2.0].

Note that this function is not accurate for low-frequency input signals. In that case, the first-order ADAA asin() can be used.

Usage

_ : aa.arcsin2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
arcsin2_test = aa.arcsin2(os.osc(110));

(aa.)tangent

First-order ADAA tan().

The domain of this function is [-π/2.0; π/2.0]; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.tangent : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
ma = library("maths.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
tangent_test = aa.tangent(0.25 * ma.PI * os.osc(110));

(aa.)atanh1

First-order ADAA atanh().

The domain of this function is [-1.0; 1.0]; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.atanh1 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
atanh1_test = aa.atanh1(0.8 * os.osc(110));

(aa.)atanh2

Second-order ADAA atanh().

The domain of this function is [-1.0; 1.0]; its theoretical range is ℝ.

Usage

_ : aa.atanh2 : _

Test

aa = library("aanl.lib");
os = library("oscillators.lib");
atanh2_test = aa.atanh2(0.8 * os.osc(110));